The Neurobiology of Interoception

Interoception, defined as the precise and timely perception of the body’s internal states, is vital for our survival and physiological health. Our interoceptive system enables us to continuously monitor and map the ever-changing landscape within our bodies, thereby maintaining physiological homeostasis, driving motivation, and molding our thoughts and emotions. Disruptions in interoceptive signals can precipitate a variety of physical and psychological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, chronic visceral pain, and metabolic disorders, substantially diminishing the quality of life for countless individuals worldwide. Despite its importance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms, as well as the neurocircuitry underlying interoception remain poorly understood. Our goal is to unravel the intricate processes through which diverse body cues are sensed, processed, and integrated under both normal and pathological conditions, while elucidating the regulatory mechanisms mediating neuroregulatory outputs. These studies will provide a framework for understanding the intricate dialogue between body and brain, vital for maintaining bodily homeostasis, and a rational foundation for therapeutic interventions targeting interoceptive disorders.

Our ongoing exploration of the body-brain axis is fueled by captivating topics and unexplored biology. We are intrigued by how internal states like inflammation, visceral pain, stress, hunger, and many others dynamically influence brain activity to maintain homeostasis. We are curious about the roles played by various sensory systems in sustaining bodily equilibrium, as well as how the interaction between body and brain evolves throughout different life stages. The Zhao lab will employ a diverse array of powerful tools in genetics, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, and pharmacology to investigate the body’s wonderful internal world. These tools will include mouse genetics, multi-omics, optogenetics, chemogenetics, neural circuit tracing, functional imaging, electrophysiology, and behavioral studies in animals. Through our studies, we will develop a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between body and brain and how it shapes our daily lives.